Launched in 2014, the Make in India mission was envisioned as a transformative initiative to position India as a global manufacturing hub. The programme sought to boost domestic manufacturing, attract foreign investment, generate employment and reduce dependence on imports. More than a decade later, the initiative has delivered notable successes, but it also faces challenges that must be addressed if India is to realise its ambition of becoming a manufacturing powerhouse.
One of the biggest achievements of Make in India has been the sharp rise in foreign direct investment (FDI). India has attracted global companies across sectors such as electronics, automobiles, defence, pharmaceuticals and renewable energy. Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes have further encouraged manufacturers to expand operations in India. The country has also emerged as a major producer of mobile phones, with several global brands now manufacturing devices domestically, strengthening India’s position in global supply chains.
The initiative has also improved India’s business environment. Reforms such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), digitisation of government services, simplified company registration processes and improved infrastructure have made it easier to establish and operate businesses. Significant investments in highways, ports, railways and industrial corridors have enhanced logistics and connectivity, creating a stronger foundation for manufacturing growth.
However, important challenges remain. Manufacturing’s share of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has not increased as rapidly as expected. A large section of the workforce continues to depend on agriculture and informal employment, while manufacturing has yet to generate sufficient large-scale, high-quality jobs. Labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, footwear and toys still require greater policy support to compete globally.
Skill development is another area requiring attention. Modern industries increasingly demand expertise in automation, robotics, artificial intelligence and advanced manufacturing technologies. While programmes such as Skill India have expanded vocational training, closer collaboration between educational institutions and industries is necessary to ensure that workers possess job-ready skills.
India must also strengthen its supply chains. Many manufacturers continue to rely on imported components, making production vulnerable to global disruptions. Developing domestic supplier networks, encouraging research and development, and supporting micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) will help create a more resilient manufacturing ecosystem.
Sustainability should become an integral part of the next phase of Make in India. As global markets place greater emphasis on environmentally responsible production, India has an opportunity to promote green manufacturing through renewable energy, energy-efficient technologies and sustainable industrial practices. This will enhance the competitiveness of Indian products while supporting climate goals.
The Make in India mission has undoubtedly laid a strong foundation for industrial growth and economic transformation. Yet, achieving global manufacturing leadership will require continued reforms, investment in innovation, skilled human capital and stronger domestic supply chains. If these challenges are addressed with determination, Make in India can evolve from a successful policy initiative into a defining pillar of India’s journey towards becoming a developed and self-reliant economy.
—Yash Thakur